Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Civil and Structural Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 16.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.7 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.8 (2023)
Latest Articles
Enhancement of Biodegradation and Detoxification of Methylene Blue by Preformed Biofilm of Thermophilic Bacilli on Polypropylene Perforated Balls
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081248 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Microbial degradation represents an eco-friendly alternative to traditional physicochemical treatments in removing persistent and toxic environmental pollutants, including synthetic dyes (i.e., methylene blue, MB) employed in different industries. The exploitation of thermophilic bacilli, such as those isolated from the shallow hydrothermal vents of
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Microbial degradation represents an eco-friendly alternative to traditional physicochemical treatments in removing persistent and toxic environmental pollutants, including synthetic dyes (i.e., methylene blue, MB) employed in different industries. The exploitation of thermophilic bacilli, such as those isolated from the shallow hydrothermal vents of the Eolian Islands (Italy), could provide valuable resources for the treatment of warm, dye-containing wastewater. In this study, we evaluated the ability of preformed biofilms on polypropylene perforated balls (BBs) of fifteen thermophilic bacilli, to decolor, degrade, and detoxify MB in aqueous solutions. Among them, BBs of Bacillus licheniformis B3-15 and Bacillus sp. s7s-1 were able to decolorize MB more than 50% in saline solution (NaCl 2%), incubated in static conditions at 45 °C for 48 h. At optimized initial conditions (10 mg L−1 MB, pH 5.2 for B3-15 or pH 4 for s7s-1), the two strains enhanced their decolorization potential, reaching 96% and 67%, respectively. As indicated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the treatment with BB B3-15 was the most efficient in degrading the Cl–C and –NH groups of MB. This degraded solution was 40% less toxic than undegraded MB, and it has no impact on the bioluminescence of Vibrio harveyi, nor the growth of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Biofilm formed by strain B3-15 on polypropylene perforated balls could be proposed as a component of bioreactors in the treatment of warm, dye-containing wastewater to concomitantly remediate MB pollution and simultaneously counteract harmful effects in aquatic environments.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Microorganisms and Their Biomolecules: Biodiversity, Physiological Adaptation and Biotechnological Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Leaky Wave Modes and Edge Waves in Land-Fast Ice Split by Parallel Cracks
by
Aleksey Marchenko, Mark Johnson and Dmitry Brazhnikov
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081247 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
In this paper we consider flexural-gravity waves propagating in a layer of water of constant depth limited by a vertical wall simulating a straight coastline. The water surface is covered with an elastic ice sheet of constant thickness. The ice sheet is split
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In this paper we consider flexural-gravity waves propagating in a layer of water of constant depth limited by a vertical wall simulating a straight coastline. The water surface is covered with an elastic ice sheet of constant thickness. The ice sheet is split by one or two straight cracks parallel to the coastline, simulating the structure of land-fast ice with a refrozen lead. Analytical solutions of hydrodynamic equations describing the interaction of flexural-gravity waves with the ice sheet and cracks have been constructed and studied. In this paper, the amplification of the amplitude of incident waves between the shoreline and cracks was described depending on the incident angle of the wave coming from offshore. The constructed solutions allow the existence of edge waves propagating along the coastline and attenuated offshore. The energy of edge waves is trapped between the coastline and ice cracks. The application of the constructed solutions to describe wave phenomena observed in the land-fast ice of the Arctic shelf of Alaska is discussed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on the Measurement and Modeling of Sea Ice)
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Open AccessArticle
Distributed Optimization-Based Path Planning for Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles to Pass Through Narrow Waters
by
Shuo Li, Fei Teng, Geyang Xiao and Haoran Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081246 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Safety and efficiency are important when Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) pass through narrow waters in complex marine environments. This paper considers the issue of path planning for USVs passing through narrow waterways. We propose a distributed optimization algorithm based on a polymorphic network
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Safety and efficiency are important when Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) pass through narrow waters in complex marine environments. This paper considers the issue of path planning for USVs passing through narrow waterways. We propose a distributed optimization algorithm based on a polymorphic network architecture, which maintains connectivity and avoids collisions between USVs while planning optimal paths. Firstly, the initial path through the narrow waterway is planned for each USV using the narrow water standard route method, and then the interpolating spline method is used to determine its corresponding functional form and rewrite the function as a local cost function for the USV. Secondly, a polymorphic network architecture and a distributed optimization algorithm were designed for multi-USVs to maintain connectivity and avoid collisions between USVs, and to optimize the initial paths of the multi-USV system. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, Lingshui Harbor of Dalian Maritime University and a curved narrow waterway were selected for the simulation experiments, and the results demonstrate that the paths planned by multiple USVs were optimal and collision-free, with velocities achieving consistency within a finite time.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Control of Marine Craft)
Open AccessArticle
Ship Autonomous Berthing Strategy Based on Improved Linear-Quadratic Regulator
by
Jian Yin, Guoquan Chen, Shenhua Yang, Zeyang Huang and Yongfeng Suo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081245 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the research field of ship automatic navigation, particularly in the area of autonomous berthing. To address the key challenges of path planning and control during ship berthing, we propose an enhanced Linear−Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control approach, reinforced
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There has been significant interest in the research field of ship automatic navigation, particularly in the area of autonomous berthing. To address the key challenges of path planning and control during ship berthing, we propose an enhanced Linear−Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control approach, reinforced by the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA−ES), along with an adaptive berthing strategy decision model. This integrated framework encompasses ship motion control, path planning, and berthing strategy selection to facilitate adaptive and autonomous ship berthing. Initially, a dynamic mathematical model of ship motion is established, taking into account wind and current interference effects. Subsequently, an adaptive environment−aware berthing strategy model is introduced to enable automatic selection of berthing strategies based on spatial relationships between environmental factors and the berth. By utilizing the refined LQR method, autonomous motion control for ship berthing is achieved. To validate the effectiveness of our controller, comprehensive simulation analyses are conducted under varying operating conditions to encompass crucial factors such as large drift angle characteristics of ships, shallow water effects, and bank effects across seven diverse working conditions. The simulation results underscore the robustness of our proposed method in responding to environmental interference while demonstrating its capability to select appropriate berthing strategies based on varying operational scenarios.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Marine Vehicles: Perception, Planning, Control and Swarm)
Open AccessArticle
Prediction of Pier Scour Depth under Extreme Typhoon Storm Tide
by
Zongyu Li, Weiwei Lin, Dongdong Chu, Feng Liu, Zhilin Sun, Wankang Yang, Hanming Huang and Dan Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1244; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081244 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
The Western Pacific region is highly vulnerable to typhoon storm surge disasters, with localized erosion posing a particularly prominent issue for coastal marine structures. The prevalence of extreme typhoon storm surges poses a significant threat to the safety of engineering projects in these
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The Western Pacific region is highly vulnerable to typhoon storm surge disasters, with localized erosion posing a particularly prominent issue for coastal marine structures. The prevalence of extreme typhoon storm surges poses a significant threat to the safety of engineering projects in these areas. In this study, a parameterized wind field model with precise calculation of wind speed was employed to establish a numerical model for typhoon storm tides. Based on the Western Pacific typhoon data from 1949 to 2023, hydraulic simulations were conducted for Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Port, and Yueqing Bay, revealing maximum flow velocities of 4.5 m/s, 1.95 m/s, and 2.09 m/s, respectively. These velocities exceeded the maximum possible tidal flow by 0.47–1.17 m/s. Additionally, using Sun’s velocity formula, the initiation flow velocities were calculated to be 1.85 m/s, 1.81 m/s, and 2.06 m/s for the aforementioned locations. Through localized erosion tests conducted around typical bridge piers and the subsequent application of similarity criteria, the maximum depth of localized erosion in the study area was determined to range from 2.16 m to 16.1 m, which corresponds to 1.1–2.3 times the scour caused by the maximum tidal flow scenario. A comparison of the erosion test results with calculations based on several formulas demonstrated that the scour prediction formula proposed by Sun exhibited the highest accuracy. This study supplements the understanding of the impact of typhoon storm surges on bridge pier erosion and provides a scientific basis for the design of bridge foundations.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Open AccessArticle
A Decoupled Buckling Failure Analysis of Buried Steel Pipeline Subjected to the Strike-Slip Fault
by
Mozhgan Asgarihajifirouz, Xiaoyu Dong and Hodjat Shiri
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081243 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been an increased focus on offshore pipeline safety due to the development of offshore oil and gas resources. Both onshore and offshore pipelines may face significant geological hazards resulting from active faults. Pre-excavated soil can be
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Over the past few years, there has been an increased focus on offshore pipeline safety due to the development of offshore oil and gas resources. Both onshore and offshore pipelines may face significant geological hazards resulting from active faults. Pre-excavated soil can be used as backfill for trenches to prevent major pipeline deformations. Since these backfill materials have been heavily remolded, they are softer than the native soil. Therefore, the difference in shear strength between the backfill and native ground may have an effect on the interaction between the pipeline and the backfill. In this paper, the pipeline–backfill–trench interaction is investigated using a hybrid beam–spring model. The P-Y curves obtained from CEL analysis are incorporated into a 3D beam–spring model to analyze the pipeline’s response to lateral strike-slip faults. Additionally, the nonlinearity of pipeline materials is considered to study pipeline failure modes under strike-slip fault movements. A series of parametric studies were conducted to explore the effects of fault intersection angle, pipe diameter, buried depth of the pipe, and soil conditions on the failure modes of buckling pipelines. The developed method can be used to analyze and assess pipeline–backfill–trench interaction when subjected to strike-slip fault displacements.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Marine Geomechanics and Geotechnics)
Open AccessArticle
Event-Triggered Neural Adaptive Distributed Cooperative Control for the Multi-Tug Towing of Unactuated Offshore Platform with Uncertainties and Unknown Disturbances
by
Shaolong Geng, Yulong Tuo, Yuanhui Wang, Zhouhua Peng and Shasha Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081242 (registering DOI) - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
An event-triggered neural adaptive cooperative control is proposed for the towing system (TS) with model parameter uncertainties and unknown disturbances. Different from ordinary multi-vessel formation control, the tugs and unactuated offshore platform in the TS are connected together by towlines, and the resultant
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An event-triggered neural adaptive cooperative control is proposed for the towing system (TS) with model parameter uncertainties and unknown disturbances. Different from ordinary multi-vessel formation control, the tugs and unactuated offshore platform in the TS are connected together by towlines, and the resultant tension of the towlines serves as the actual drag force for the platform. Initially, based on the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), an adaptive RBFNN is designed to compensate unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties of the TS, and we use minimal learning parameter (MLP) algorithm to reduce the online learning parameters of adaptive RBFNN. Combined with dynamic surface technology and event-triggered control (ETC) mechanism, an event-triggered neural adaptive virtual controller is designed to obtain the desired drag force of the platform. According to the quadratic programming algorithm, the desired drag force is allocated as the desired tensions of towlines. Subsequently, the desired towline length and the desired position information of the tugs are obtained sequentially through the towline model and the position relationship between the tugs and the platform. Then, according to the desired positions of tugs, an event-triggered neural adaptive distributed cooperative controller is designed for achieving the multi-tug towing of the offshore platform. The ETC mechanism is introduced to reduce the communication burden within the TS and the execution frequency of the tugs’ thrusters. Finally, the stability of the closed-loop system is proven using the Lyapunov theory, and the ETC mechanism proves that no Zeno behavior occurs. The effectiveness of the ETC mechanism and the MLP-based adaptive RBFNN on the controllers of TS is verified through simulations and comparison analysis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Cooperative Localization, Optimization and Control of Networked Autonomous Systems: Theories, Analysis Tools and Applications)
Open AccessArticle
The Role of Tide and Wind in Modulating Density Stratification in the Pearl River Estuary during the Dry Season
by
Lei Zhu, Jiangchuan Sheng and Liwen Pang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081241 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Density stratification plays a crucial role in estuarine hydrodynamics and material transport. In this study, we utilized a well-calibrated numerical model to investigate the stratification processes and underlying mechanisms in the dynamically wide Pearl River Estuary (PRE). In the upper estuary, longitudinal straining
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Density stratification plays a crucial role in estuarine hydrodynamics and material transport. In this study, we utilized a well-calibrated numerical model to investigate the stratification processes and underlying mechanisms in the dynamically wide Pearl River Estuary (PRE). In the upper estuary, longitudinal straining governs stratification, enhancing it during ebb tide and reducing it during flood tide. The Coriolis force becomes significant in the lower estuary due to the increased basin width, causing seaward freshwater to be confined to the West Shoal, where a pronounced transverse salinity gradient forms. Interacting with lateral current shear, density stratification is most pronounced in this region. The prevailing northeasterly wind creates a mixed layer near the surface, shifting stratification to the middle layer of the water column in the upper estuary. Wind stirring reduces stratification throughout the estuary. Under the wind’s influence, the seaward outflow is confined to a narrower region and shifts westward, resulting in the most apparent stratification occurring on the West Shoal of the PRE due to lateral straining. These findings on the evolution of freshwater pathways and their role in modulating density stratification have significant implications for other wide estuaries, such as Delaware Bay and the La Plata-Parana estuary.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Open AccessArticle
Stochastic Optimization of Onboard Photovoltaic Hybrid Power System Considering Environmental Uncertainties
by
Jianyun Zhu and Li Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081240 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Environmental uncertainties present a significant challenge in the design of onboard photovoltaic hybrid power systems (PV-HPS), a pivotal decarbonization technology garnering widespread attention in the shipping industry. Neglecting environmental uncertainties associated with photovoltaic (PV) output and hull resistance can lead to suboptimal solutions.
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Environmental uncertainties present a significant challenge in the design of onboard photovoltaic hybrid power systems (PV-HPS), a pivotal decarbonization technology garnering widespread attention in the shipping industry. Neglecting environmental uncertainties associated with photovoltaic (PV) output and hull resistance can lead to suboptimal solutions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a stochastic optimization method for PV-HPS, aiming to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and lifecycle costs. Copula functions are employed to establish joint distributions of uncertainties in solar irradiance, ambient temperature, significant wave height, and wave period. Monte Carlo simulation, the bi-bin method, and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm are utilized for scenario generation, scenario reduction, and design space exploration. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study involving an unmanned ship. Additionally, deterministic optimization and two partial stochastic optimizations are conducted to underscore the importance of simultaneously considering environmental uncertainties related to power sources and hull resistance. The results affirm the proposed approach’s capability to reduce GHG emissions and lifecycle costs. A sensitivity analysis of bin number is performed to investigate the tradeoff between optimality and computation time.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel Technical Framework for the Evaluation of Node Significance and Edge Connectivity in Global Shipping Network
by
Wei Duan, Zhenfu Li, Yutao Zhou and Zhao Deng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1239; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081239 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Marine transportation is pivotal in the rapid development of global trade, significantly enhancing international economic and trade connectivity and impacting the sustainable development of the global economy. In this study, we developed a novel technical framework based on the Laplacian matrix to evaluate
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Marine transportation is pivotal in the rapid development of global trade, significantly enhancing international economic and trade connectivity and impacting the sustainable development of the global economy. In this study, we developed a novel technical framework based on the Laplacian matrix to evaluate the node significance and edge connectivity of the global shipping network using 2019 vessel schedule data from the top 30 liner shipping companies, as ranked by Alphaliner. Our analyses were conducted in both L-space, characterizing the connectivity function, and P-space, characterizing the transfer function. The findings indicate the following. (1) There is no consistent relationship between node significance and centrality for most ports. Ports with high node significance are mainly located in the Asia–Pacific region, with Singapore Port being the port with the highest node significance in L-space and Shanghai Port being the port with the highest node significance in P-space. (2) In L-space, the structures with significant improvements in edge connectivity in the shipping network have at least one port node that exhibits both low degree centrality and low betweenness centrality; these are primarily found on East African routes. (3) In P-space, the structures with significant improvements in edge connectivity in the shipping network are more complex but are notably linked to the ports of Assaluyeh and Bandar Abbas in Iran. The proposed node evaluation and edge addition strategy effectively analyze port significance and edge connectivity, providing decision-making support for optimizing port layouts, supporting container route planning, and enhancing the overall performance of the shipping network.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Decoupled Analysis of a Multi-Layer Flexible Pipeline Buried in Clay Subjected to Large Lateral Soil Displacement
by
Eduardo Ribeiro Malta, Xiaoyu Dong and Hodjat Shiri
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071238 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
Multilayered flexible subsea pipelines may experience significant lateral movements due to manmade and environmental geohazards. These pipelines incorporate several structural and protective layers to resist different loads, and may require additional protection such as trenching, rock placement, or burial. In practice, simplifications are
[...] Read more.
Multilayered flexible subsea pipelines may experience significant lateral movements due to manmade and environmental geohazards. These pipelines incorporate several structural and protective layers to resist different loads, and may require additional protection such as trenching, rock placement, or burial. In practice, simplifications are considered due to the complexities and uncertainties involved in the multi-layer pipe structure and the surrounding soil, compromising the pipe structure or the soil behavior. These simplifications are applied either on the pipe by assuming a rigid section or on the soil by representing it as elastic springs, which may result in inaccuracies. This study proposes a decoupled methodology combining the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) model for soil displacement with a small-strain finite element analysis of the flexible pipe. This approach aims to accurately capture cross-sectional deformations and local stresses due to soil movement while maintaining reasonable computational effort. A parametric analysis was conducted to assess the impact of several variables on failure risk. The deformed cross-section was then used for a collapse analysis to determine critical loads at maximum operational depth. The study showed that modeling parameters such as soil strength and internal diameter might significantly influence pipe failure and the risk of collapse.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Flexible Riser and Pipelines)
Open AccessArticle
A Web-Based Interactive Application to Simulate and Correct Distortion in Multibeam Sonars
by
Guillermo Boyra and Udane Martinez
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071237 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
Multibeam sonars are advanced scientific tools for estimating fish school volume and density, using multiple beams to provide comprehensive size measurements of detected targets. However, challenges remain in accurately estimating target dimensions due to beam geometric expansion and overlap, particularly in athwart-beam measurements,
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Multibeam sonars are advanced scientific tools for estimating fish school volume and density, using multiple beams to provide comprehensive size measurements of detected targets. However, challenges remain in accurately estimating target dimensions due to beam geometric expansion and overlap, particularly in athwart-beam measurements, which tend to be overestimated with increasing distance from the transducer. We present an interactive web application that simulates distortion caused by beam overlap and expansion in multibeam sonars using simple geometric equations. Users can define sonar characteristics, such as the number of beams, swath opening, or degree of overlap, as well as specify an elliptical target’s dimensions, orientation, and distance from the transducer. The application estimates and visualises the true and distorted shapes of the target, calculating the level of distortion. It can run simulations in both forward and inverse directions, either simulating the distortion of a true school or correcting the shape of a distorted school. This tool aims to enhance the interpretation of multibeam sonar signals and improve the accuracy of target dimension estimates, facilitating more effective use of these sonars in scientific research.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Development of Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Test Bed to Verify and Validate Power Management System for LNG Carriers
by
Kwangkook Lee
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071236 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
Liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) orders are increasing owing to marine environment regulations. The complexity of the integrated system applied to shipbuilding and software errors have increased with the high degree of automation. Direct on-site inspection methods are associated with high costs and
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Liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) orders are increasing owing to marine environment regulations. The complexity of the integrated system applied to shipbuilding and software errors have increased with the high degree of automation. Direct on-site inspection methods are associated with high costs and safety risks, whereas software-based simulations rely heavily on the accuracy of the models of power system components. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) can be utilized for designing and testing intricate real-time embedded systems. Specifically, HILS offers a reliable means of evaluating power management system (PMS) performance for LNGCs, which are high-value vessels commonly used in offshore plants. This study proposes a PMS–HIL test bed comprising a power supply unit, consumer, simulation control console, and main switchboard. The proposed HILS test bed utilizes the real equipment data of the shipbuilding industry to replicate the conditions associated with actual LNGCs. The proposed system is verified and validated through a software acceptance test procedure. Additionally, load-sharing, load-dependent start, blackout prevention, and preferential tests are performed for the PMS function evaluation. Test results indicate that the proposed system has great potential for conventional PMS commissioning. Therefore, it exhibits the potential to replace traditional factory acceptance tests. Additional development of the system will be conducted for ship automation, utilizing PMS control and an energy management system.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Intelligent Construction, Operation and Maintenance)
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Open AccessArticle
Effects of Angle of Attack on Flow-Induced Vibration of a D-Section Prism
by
Shiguang Fan, Zhuang Li, Jining Song, Xietian Du and Juan Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071235 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
The VIVACE device, which utilizes flow-induced vibration for harvesting ocean current energy, has been a research hotspot in the field of renewable energy. In this study, the flow-induced vibration characteristics and energy conversion efficiency of a D-section prism were investigated using the k-ω
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The VIVACE device, which utilizes flow-induced vibration for harvesting ocean current energy, has been a research hotspot in the field of renewable energy. In this study, the flow-induced vibration characteristics and energy conversion efficiency of a D-section prism were investigated using the k-ω SST turbulence model and Newmark-β method. The vibration amplitude, frequency, equilibrium position offset, and energy conversion efficiency of the two-degree-of-freedom cylinder were systematically analyzed at seven angles of attack between 0 and 180 degrees. The Reynolds number ranged from 368 to 14,742, corresponding to equivalent speeds of 2 to 20. The results indicate that the angle of attack has a significant influence on the flow-induced vibration response of the D-section prism. As the angle of attack changes, the vibration amplitude of the cylinder continuously increases, and the cylinder sequentially enters the vortex-induced vibration, vortex-induced vibration-galloping, and fully galloping branches. The change in the angle of attack disrupts the symmetry of the cylinder’s vibration in the streamwise direction, leading to a shift in the equilibrium position of the cylinder’s vibration. When the angle of attack is 0°, the energy conversion efficiency of the column reaches a maximum of 11.75%. Additionally, at high Reynolds numbers, the vibration of the cylinder is not self-limiting, making it more advantageous for energy conversion devices compared to cylinders with circular cross-sections.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art of Marine Risers and Pipelines)
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Study on the Anti-Sloshing Effect of Horizontal Baffles in a Cargo Hold Loaded with Liquefied Cargo
by
Jianwei Zhang, Anqi Wang, Peng Chen, Jian Liu and Deqing Yang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071234 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
Sloshing of liquefied bulk granular cargoes weakens the stability of cargo carriers when at sea. Using the horizontal rectangle baffle is a promising way to restrain its sloshing motion. But the location height and optimal baffle area rate to achieve a better anti-sloshing
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Sloshing of liquefied bulk granular cargoes weakens the stability of cargo carriers when at sea. Using the horizontal rectangle baffle is a promising way to restrain its sloshing motion. But the location height and optimal baffle area rate to achieve a better anti-sloshing effect should be studied first. The discrete element method was adopted to establish the simulation model, and the direct shear test was used for verification. Through the static tilt tests, the definite relationship between the effects of moisture content on cargo motion and particle friction coefficients was acquired. Then, liquefied cargo motion in a cargo hold without baffles and with one and two pairs of horizontal baffles was simulated. Based on variations in the cargo gravity center offset and the sloshing-induced force on the cargo hold, the anti-sloshing effect of different settings of the baffles was compared. Results show that the baffles have the ability to restrain cargo sloshing, and this is important for sea transportation safety. The anti-sloshing effect is better when the baffle plane is right on the cargo top surface compared to the other location heights. Further, there is an optimal length–width combination, e.g., a single baffle plane with a length of 0.26 L and a width of 0.46 B, at which a better anti-sloshing effect could be achieved with the smallest baffle area rate. This study could be useful for the practical application of horizontal baffles for bulk granular cargo carriers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies in Safety and Reliability of Marine Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Influence of Grid Resolution and Assimilation Window Size on Simulating Storm Surge Levels
by
Xin Bi, Wenqi Shi, Junli Xu and Xianqing Lv
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1233; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071233 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
Grid resolution and assimilation window size play significant roles in storm surge models. In the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea, the influence of grid resolution and assimilation window size on simulating storm surge levels was investigated during Typhoon 7203. In
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Grid resolution and assimilation window size play significant roles in storm surge models. In the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea, the influence of grid resolution and assimilation window size on simulating storm surge levels was investigated during Typhoon 7203. In order to employ a more realistic wind stress drag coefficient that varies with time and space, we corrected the storm surge model using the spatial distribution of the wind stress drag coefficient, which was inverted using the data assimilation method based on the linear expression Cd = (a + b × U10) × 10−3. Initially, two grid resolutions of 5′ × 5′ and 10′ × 10′ were applied to the numerical storm surge model and adjoint assimilation model. It was found that the influence of different grid resolutions on the numerical model is almost negligible. But in the adjoint assimilation model, the root mean square (RMS) errors between the simulated and observed storm surge levels under 5′ × 5′ and 10′ × 10′ grid resolutions were 11.6 cm and 15.6 cm, and the average PCC and WSS values for 10 tidal stations changed from 89% and 92% in E3 to 93% and 96% in E4, respectively. The results indicate that the finer grid resolution can yield a closer consistency between the simulation and observations. Subsequently, the effects of assimilation window sizes of 6 h, 3 h, 2 h, and 1 h on simulated storm surge levels were evaluated in an adjoint assimilation model with a 5′ × 5′ grid resolution. The results show that the average RMS errors were 11.6 cm, 10.6 cm, 9.6 cm, and 9.3 cm under four assimilation window sizes. In particular, the RMS errors for the assimilation window sizes of 1 h and 6 h at RuShan station were 3.9 cm and 10.2 cm, a reduction of 61.76%. The PCC and WSS values from RuShan station in E4 and E7 separately showed significant increases, from 85% to 98% and from 92% to 99%. These results demonstrate that when the assimilation window size is smaller, the simulated storm surge level is closer to the observation. Further, the results show that the simulated storm surge levels are closer to the observation when using the wind stress drag coefficient with a finer grid resolution and smaller temporal resolution.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Modeling and Data Assimilation)
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Open AccessArticle
The Influence of Pre-Chamber Parameters on the Performance of a Two-Stroke Marine Dual-Fuel Low-Speed Engine
by
Hao Guo, Zhongcheng Wang, Song Zhou, Ming Zhang and Majed Shreka
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071232 - 22 Jul 2024
Abstract
With increasing environmental pollution from ship exhaust emissions and increasingly stringent International Maritime Organization carbon regulations, there is a growing demand for cleaner and lower-carbon fuels and near-zero-emission marine engines worldwide. Liquefied natural gas is a low-carbon fuel, and when liquefied natural gas
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With increasing environmental pollution from ship exhaust emissions and increasingly stringent International Maritime Organization carbon regulations, there is a growing demand for cleaner and lower-carbon fuels and near-zero-emission marine engines worldwide. Liquefied natural gas is a low-carbon fuel, and when liquefied natural gas (LNG) is used on ships, dual-fuel methods are often used. The pre-chamber plays a key role in the working process of dual-fuel engines. In this paper, an effective three-dimensional simulation model based on the actual operating conditions and structural characteristics of a marine low-pressure dual-fuel engine is established. In addition, the effects of changing the Precombustion chamber (PCC) volume ratio and the PCC orifice diameter ratio on the mixture composition, engine combustion performance, and pollutant generation were thoroughly investigated. It was found that a small PPC volume ratio resulted in a higher flame jet velocity, a shorter stagnation period, and an acceleration of the combustion process in the main combustion chamber. When the PCC volume was large, the Nitrogen oxygen (NOx) ratio emission was elevated. Moreover, the angle of the PCC orifice affected the flame propagation direction of the pilot fuel. Optimizing the angle of the PCC orifice can improve combustion efficiency and reduce the generation of NOx. Furthermore, reasonable arrangement of the PCC structure can improve the stability of ignition performance and accelerate the flame jet velocity.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Safety, Reliability and Effectiveness of Internal Combustion Engines)
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Open AccessArticle
Design of Inner Ribs with Unequal Stiffness for Deep-Sea Highly Pressure-Resistant Cylindrical Shells and Utilizing NSGA-2 for Lightweight Optimization
by
Yizhe Huang, Xiao Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Ying You and Haoxiang Ma
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071231 - 21 Jul 2024
Abstract
For conducting scientific research at depths in the ocean, deep-sea probes are essential pieces of equipment. The cylindrical shell is the most sensible and rational packaging structure for these detectors. New technical challenges for enhancing the pressure resistance and lightweight design of the
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For conducting scientific research at depths in the ocean, deep-sea probes are essential pieces of equipment. The cylindrical shell is the most sensible and rational packaging structure for these detectors. New technical challenges for enhancing the pressure resistance and lightweight design of the pressure-resistant cylindrical shell arise from the need to ensure that the detector packaging structure can withstand the immense water pressure at tens of thousands of meters in the underwater environment, while simultaneously reducing the detector packaging structure’s self-weight. This article examines the detection system’s deep-sea pressure-resistant cylindrical shell. To address the issue of the pressure-resistant shell’s insufficient ability to counteract the overall instability caused by the inability to form unstable half-waves in the radial direction when the ring rib pressure-resistant shell experiences it, a design method for the ribs inside the unequal-stiffness pressure-resistant cylindrical shell is suggested. The shell’s instability pressure increases by 9.65 MPa following the stiffness adjustment. Simultaneously, in order to attain even more lightweight optimization, the optimal inner rib section was obtained by applying the orthogonal topology optimization method, which also reduced the weight by 106.8 g and effectively improved the compression stability of the high-pressure cylindrical shell structure. Based on this, key optimization variables were found by performing sensitivity analysis on the cylindrical shell structure’s parameters. Then, with lightweighting as the primary objective, the high-pressure-resistant cylindrical shell’s optimal structural parameters were found using a multi-objective optimization process using the second-generation fast non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-2). This resulted in a weight reduction of 1.2492 kg, or 17.26% of the original pressure-resistant shell. This has led to the development of a lightweight, highly pressure-resistant method for packaging marine exploration equipment structures.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Uncertainty Analysis and Maneuver Simulation of Standard Ship Model
by
Hui Li, Nan Zhao, Jian Zhou, Xiangyu Chen and Chenxu Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071230 - 21 Jul 2024
Abstract
Maneuver simulation of a standard ship model gives indication of numerical accuracy. In the numerical calculation of ship maneuvering, uncertainty analysis is a necessary step to ensure the accuracy of the calculation. In this study, uncertainty pair analysis is carried out in the
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Maneuver simulation of a standard ship model gives indication of numerical accuracy. In the numerical calculation of ship maneuvering, uncertainty analysis is a necessary step to ensure the accuracy of the calculation. In this study, uncertainty pair analysis is carried out in the simulation of the turning circle motion of the standard ship model ONRT in waves. According to the uncertainty analysis procedure recommended by the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC), the change of ship resistance caused by the number of grids is studied to determine the influence of grid density on the numerical prediction. The simulation of turning motion in waves is carried out based on the uncertainty analysis. It is found that the minimum number of overset grids for this simulation is 1.4 million. The numerical results are fairly accurate compared to experimental results, and this technique provides a method with low calculated cost for this simulation.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Advanced Technologies in Maritime Safety)
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Study of the Ultra-High-Speed Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle Motion Stability in Winds and Waves
by
Yani Song, Xiaoxu Du and Yuli Hu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071229 - 21 Jul 2024
Abstract
The ultra-high-speed aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle (AAMV) is a high-performance vessel that combines a hydrodynamic configuration and an aerodynamic wing to reduce wave-making resistance during the high-speed planing phase. The forces of the AAMV exhibit strong nonlinear and water–air coupling characteristics, resulting in
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The ultra-high-speed aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle (AAMV) is a high-performance vessel that combines a hydrodynamic configuration and an aerodynamic wing to reduce wave-making resistance during the high-speed planing phase. The forces of the AAMV exhibit strong nonlinear and water–air coupling characteristics, resulting in particularly complex motion characteristics. This paper presents a longitudinal and lateral stability model of the AAMV, which considers the effects of aerodynamic alleviation. Additionally, a numerical model of wind and wave turbulence forces is established, which considers viscous correction based on the potential theory. Finally, the effect of wind and wave turbulence forces on the motion stability of the AAMV under regular and irregular waves is analyzed by numerical solution. The simulation results demonstrate the influence of these disturbance forces on the stability of the AAMV under different sea states. The motion parameters of the AAMV exhibit a pronounced response to changes in sea state level. The aerodynamically alleviated effect is enhanced as speed increases, and the influence of winds and waves on the AAMV is greatly weakened, reducing the possibility of instability. During the cruising phase under class V sea state, the pitch, roll, and heave response are 0.210°, 0.0229°, and 0.0734 m, respectively. This effect can effectively improve the motion stability of the AAMV in winds and waves.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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